Maybe two scenarios for the cable to get hot? Probably missing a third one.
1. What Rott said. Sure, I can see push from the battery as it pushes current thru the cable and if the starter is in a sustained, meaning, to the point of one being out of gas and you just keep cranking as it sucks up what little is left in the carb bowl, fires off and you get all excited and keep going not knowing.
2. Or, something like I'm thinking flow vs dam equals resistance. And the analogy would be something like a rusted ground cable. There is a backup in flow to ground if say rust touches rust, rather than bare metal meets the clean transfer of flow and the electrons are batting each other, and heating up kind of hanging in the cable and not out to the frame to complete an electrical loop.
3. The third thought is that it is normal? Meaning, sure I can see the motor demands more turning and [the cable] heats up normally. Apart from the normal, then it instantly heats up? I agree, that's not normal.
I have to think; can't separate heat from a chemical reaction once you bring up E or magnetism. Like, never had my bike in the rain. Never washed my bike with water. Never parked outside. You or the old lady have a washer and drier out with the bike in the garage? Well yeah. You have wet cloths pushing water out the drier and you cannot create or destroy condensation or that cloud you can't see for 14-16yrs of owning that bike?
Not saying that condi is the problem. Not saying rust is the problem. Not knowing how many times that cable has been off the bike. All I can do is add a variable. I work with a starter motor, I want to check-etch-first, if not score the touch points and tighten the main ground back on the frame. Then a steel braded strap from engine to frame. Ass is covered from battery to frame. Motor is covered from engine to frame with the steel braid. Now that I have compression out of the way, I hear starter motor. And now on with the other variables. Because file addressed the Big G out of the way- for Mr. PUSH [battery] so he and motor turn, not click, overheat the cable, where is ground in all this? Where is compression in all this? First thing first. Get it?
Chase your tail. I comp test and I grind to bare metal, if not dip the battery end of the ground cable in vinny and watch the bubbles stop. Now I start looking after I know the contact points are clean, one after the other is the flow chart.
Flow chart:
Battery +/- lead posts are clean of the chemical reaction. Remove the white acid with vinegar. Dabs not drip the vinny on the battery, then the acid flows down the side of the battery, no. One Q-tip at a time.
Battery cable eye is one side is bare metal to razor scraped lead battery post.
Battery cable down to frame. Clean touch points to fresh bare metal.
Frame to engine steel braded strap. No scraping needed from steel to steel, but scrape paint away is the new bare frame ground to braided strap, and I think you have a complete ground loop from battery (-) to Big G.