This is the theory and you can see it apply if one wishes: "Magnetism- you cannot separate heat from the chemical reaction."
Say a 32a stator has one wire that is wrapped around these lugs. It's going to make E shoot out of those two wire ends with a magnetic swing. So North is going to push 16 up one wire, then the other swing is South, and this too sends 16 worth of AC into that voltage regulator. 16+16=32.
So every 180° swing, 16 is pulsing up each wire... in a linear way. So this is why at idle you are not really throwing up a full 16 at it. Say for argument sake 14.7v is the 'ideal' output the v/r will feed the battery. Now say 14.2v is the normal. Anything past 14.7v is a v/r that no longer regulates the ideal number on down.
Replace V/R.
Battery lives in a bath of champagne bubbles. That's the size that oozes out of the plates. Turn up the heat, the solution grows in bubble size. Battery case expands is one sign of a bad v/r. The smell gives it away too; when it reaches the vent. Check battery voltage and see if you didn't buckle a plate and short out 2v worth of plate. 6 plates times 2v equals 12v. You see 10v... replace battery as well.
Stator shows a good known part. Can flow past the failed hardware inside the v/r if not over it; to ground i.e., battery.
Signed,
Champagne Wishes